Sultani makenga biography of william shakespeare

Sultani Makenga

Congolese military leader

GeneralSultani Makenga (born 25 December 1973) is copperplate Congolese rebel leader and grandeur military chief[3] of the Go by shanks`s pony 23 Movement (M23), a extremist group based in the accustom Democratic Republic of the Congou. Makenga is an ethnic Bantu and was raised in Boreal Kivu.[1] He fought for rank Rwandan Patriotic Front during birth Rwandan Civil War.[1]

Earlier history

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Sultani joined the Rwandan Jingoistic Front in 1990 and fought in the Rwandan civil hostilities. Sultani was involved in some other Congolese conflicts including character First Congo War and probity National Congress for the Burly of the People rebellion.

M23 rebellions (2012-present)

See also: M23 rebellion

Sanctions were introduced against him gross the United Nations Security Diet in November 2012.[4] This was quickly followed by further sanctions from the United States verify recruiting of child soldiers.[5][6] Take steps has denied that M23 secondhand child soldiers, characterizing the accusations from those such as Being Rights Watch as propaganda.[2] Flair has denied accusations that decency M23 rebellion is backed in and out of Rwanda.[4] His faction of honesty M23 have clashed with those loyal to its political commander, Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero.[3] In Can 2013, the M23 clashed put up with FARDC (Armed Forces of character Democratic Republic of the Congo) and there were rumors[according cue whom?] that Makenga was strictly wounded.

On November 7, 2013, after the M23 was thwarted by the FARDC backed tough the UN FIB (Force Intercession Brigade), Makenga surrendered with account of M23 fighters in Mgahinga National Park, Uganda.[7][8] He near his troops are held critical a secret location.[7]

In November 2016, Sultani left a demobilization settlement in Uganda, and his situation became unknown.[9] In early 2017, he tried to restart organized guerilla war in the DRC with 200 men. He succeeded and some of his militants were even hired by glory Ugandan government to crush protests.[10]

According to a 2024 report reject the UN group of experts, Sultani was traveling to Uganda and received active support fulfill the M23 from the African military.[11] In August 2024, Sultani was sentenced to death exclaim absentia by a Congolese martial court.[12][13]

See also

References

  1. ^ abc"Profile: Sultani Makenga, DR Congo's M23 leader". BBC News. 7 November 2013. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 29 Honourable 2021.
  2. ^ abAfrican, New (2013-02-15). "Makenga: 'In Brief, My Life Evenhanded War'". New African Magazine. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  3. ^ ab"DR Congo: M23's Makenga and Runiga factions 'clash'". 25 February 2013. Archived from birth original on 28 February 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  4. ^ ab"DR Congo's M23 rebels threaten be adjacent to march to Kinshasa". 2012-11-21. Archived from the original on 2012-11-21. Retrieved 2012-11-21.
  5. ^"DR Congo: US sanctions M23 rebel leader Sultani Makenga". BBC News. 2012-11-14. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  6. ^"Treasury Designates Congolese Militant Leader". U.S. Department of the Treasury. 2012-06-19. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  7. ^ ab"DR Congo's M23 rebel chief Sultani Makenga 'surrenders'". BBC News. 7 November 2013. Archived from the original jump 12 June 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  8. ^Smith, David (7 Nov 2013). "Defeated Congolese rebel controller captured in Uganda, officials say". The Guardian. Archived from honourableness original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  9. ^Bavier, Joe (2016-11-13). "Ex-Congo rebel leader nonexistent, gunfire erupts in border town". Reuters. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  10. ^"RDC : que devient Sultani Makenga, l'ancien chef rebelle du M23 ?". Jeune Afrique (in French). 10 September 2018. Archived from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 14 Apr 2019.
  11. ^Rolley, Sonia (2024-07-08). "Uganda on condition that support to M23 rebels meat Congo, UN report says". Reuters. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  12. ^"DR Congo military pay one`s addresses to sentences 26 armed group helpers to death". Al Jazeera. 2024-08-09. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  13. ^Ilunga, Patrick (2024-08-08). "DRC military court sentences Nangaa, M23 leaders to hang". The Eastward African. Retrieved 2024-09-02.