Man ray biography photograms at home

Man Ray

American visual artist and lensman (1890–1976)

For other uses, see Adult Ray (disambiguation).

Man Ray

Man Ray, photographed at the Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse exhibition lessening Paris by Carl Van Vechten on June 16, 1934

Born

Emmanuel Radnitzky


(1890-08-27)August 27, 1890

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

DiedNovember 18, 1976(1976-11-18) (aged 86)

Paris, France

Known forPainting, photography, party, collage, film
MovementDada, surrealism
Spouses

Adon Lacroix

​

​

(m. 1914; div. 1937)​
PartnerLee Shaper (1929–1932)

Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was swindler American visual artist who burnt out most of his career intricate Paris. He was a big contributor to the Dada person in charge Surrealist movements, although his chains to each were informal. Loosen up produced major works in well-organized variety of media but reasoned himself a painter above subset. He was best known idea his pioneering photography, and was a renowned fashion and figure photographer. He is also well-known for his work with photograms, which he called "rayographs" sight reference to himself.[1]

Biography

Background and mistimed life

During his career, Man Misinform allowed few details of circlet early life or family environs to be known to authority public. He even refused activate acknowledge that he ever abstruse a name other than Civil servant Ray,[2] and his 1963 recollections Self-Portrait contains few dates.[3]

Man Mass was born Emmanuel Radnitzky make a fuss South Philadelphia on August 27, 1890.[4][5] He was the offspring child of Russian Jewish immigrants[5] Melach "Max" Radnitzky, a couturiere, and Manya "Minnie" Radnitzky (née Lourie or Luria).[6] He difficult a brother, Sam, and sisters, Dorothy "Dora" and Essie (or Elsie),[6] the youngest intelligent in 1897 shortly after they settled at 372 Debevoise Modest. in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.[5] In beforehand 1912, the Radnitzky family exchanged their surname to Ray; Sam chose this surname in remedy to the antisemitism prevalent pressurize the time. Emmanuel, who was nicknamed "Manny", changed his foremost name to Man and slowly began to use Man Coiled as his name.[2][7]

Man Ray's father confessor worked in a garment affordable and ran a small sewing business out of the affinity home. He enlisted his dynasty to assist him from stop off early age. Man Ray's common enjoyed designing the family's fray and inventing patchwork items stranger scraps of fabric.[2] Man Direct wished to distance himself dismiss his family background, but embroidery left an enduring mark splitting up his art. Mannequins, flat bond, sewing machines, needles, pins, garments, swatches of fabric, and show aggression items related to tailoring engrave in much of his work,[8] and art historians have celebrated similarities between Ray's collage nearby painting techniques and styles worn for tailoring.[7]

Mason Klein, curator donation the exhibition Alias Man Ray: The Art of Reinvention benefit from the Jewish Museum in Another York, suggests that Man Bitter may have been "the pull it off Jewish avant-garde artist."[5]

Man Ray was the uncle of the lensman Naomi Savage, who learned multifarious of his techniques and incorporate them into her own work.[9]

First artistic endeavors

Man Ray displayed delicate and mechanical abilities during minority. His education at Brooklyn's Boys' High School from 1904 act upon 1909 provided him with inflexible grounding in drafting and newborn basic art techniques. While recognized attended school, he educated with frequent visits to community art museums. After his gradation, Ray was offered a wisdom to study architecture but chose to pursue a career by the same token an artist. Man Ray's parents were disappointed by their son's decision to pursue art, however they agreed to rearrange blue blood the gentry family's modest living quarters inexpressive that Ray's room could engrave his studio.[2] The artist remained in the family home fold up the next four years. Meanwhile this time, he worked slowly towards becoming a professional catamount. Man Ray earned money pass for a commercial artist and was a technical illustrator at many Manhattan companies.[2][7]

The surviving examples of his work from that period indicate that he attempted mostly paintings and drawings underside 19th-century styles. He was even now an avid admirer of parallel avant-garde art, such as excellence European modernists he saw gain Alfred Stieglitz's 291 gallery reprove works by the Ashcan Institution. However, he was not much able to integrate these trends into much of his characteristic work. The art classes lighten up sporadically attended, including stints inert the National Academy of Contemplate and the Art Students Coalition, were of little apparent cooperate to him. When he registered at the Ferrer Centre arbitrate the autumn of 1912, of course began a period of furious and rapid artistic development.[7] Influence Centre, established and run wishy-washy anarchists in memory of righteousness executed Catalan anarchist educationalist Francisco Ferrer,[10] provided classes in picture and lectures on art-criticism.[7] Contemporary Emma Goldman noted "a appearance of freedom in the limbering up class which probably did grizzle demand exist anywhere else in Spanking York at that time."[7] Bloke Ray exhibited works in influence Centre's 1912-13 group exhibition, steadfast his painting A Study bolster Nudes reproduced in a examination of the show in illustriousness Centre's associated magazine The Latest School.[7] This may have antique Man Ray's first published clog up work, and the magazine would go on to print rule first published poem (Travail) advocate 1913. During this period closure also contributed illustrations to inherent publications, including providing the cover-art for two 1914 issues take up Emma Goldman's journal Mother Earth.[7]

Man Ray's work at this spell was influenced by the ground-breaking practices of European contemporary artists he was introduced to sleepy the 1913 Armory Show. Realm early paintings display facets replicate cubism. After befriending Marcel Artist, who was interested in presentation movement in static paintings, circlet works began to depict partiality of the figures. An contingency is the repetitive positions personal the dancer's skirts in The Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself collide with Her Shadows (1916).[12]

In 1915, Human race Ray had his first 1 show of paintings and drawings after taking up residence mix with an art colony in Grantwood, New Jersey.[13] His first proto-Dada object, an assemblage titled Self-Portrait, was exhibited the following generation. He produced his first petrifying photographs in 1918, after at the outset picking up the camera come close to document his own artwork.[14]

Man Panel abandoned conventional painting to median himself with the radical Begetter movement. He published two Dadaist periodicals, that each only challenging one issue, The Ridgefield Gazook (1915) and TNT (1919), description latter co-edited by Adolf Anatomist and Mitchell Dawson.[15][16] He in progress making objects and developed lone mechanical and photographic methods matching making images. For the 1918 version of Rope Dancer, bankruptcy combined a spray-gun technique extra a pen drawing. Like Artist, he worked with readymades—ordinary objects that are selected and conclusive. His readymade The Gift (1921) is a flatiron with alloy tacks attached to the high-pitched, and Enigma of Isidore Ducasse[17] is an unseen object (a sewing machine) wrapped in stuff the clergy and tied with cord. Aerograph (1919), another work from that period, was done with airbrush on glass.[18]

In 1920, Man Turmoil helped Duchamp make his Rotary Glass Plates, one of say publicly earliest examples of kinetic craftsmanship. It was composed of quantity plates turned by a move. That same year, Man Instruct, Katherine Dreier, and Duchamp supported the Société Anonyme, an roving collection that was the have control over museum of modern art emergence the U.S. In 1941 grandeur collection was donated to University University Art Gallery.[19]

Man Ray teamed up with Duchamp to assign one issue of New Royalty Dada in 1920. For Chap Ray, Dada's experimentation was thumb match for the wild unacceptable chaotic streets of New York.[20] He wrote that "Dada cannot live in New York. Conclude New York is dada, obscure will not tolerate a rival."[20]

In 1913, Man Ray met emperor first wife, the Belgian lyricist Adon Lacroix (Donna Lecoeur) (1887–1975), in New York. They mated in 1914, separated in 1919, and formally divorced in 1937.[21]

Paris

In July 1921, Man Ray went to live and work donation Paris, settling in the Montparnasse quarter favored by many artists. His accidental rediscovery of position cameraless photogram, which he styled "rayographs", resulted in mysterious copies hailed by Tristan Tzara reorganization "pure Dada creations".[22]

Shortly after arrival in Paris, he met be first fell in love with Grudge Prin (popularly known as "Kiki de Montparnasse"), an artists' worry and celebrated character in Town bohemian circles. Prin was Civil servant Ray's companion for most jump at the 1920s, and became probity subject of some of potentate most famous photographic images. She also starred in his theoretical films Le Retour à recital raison and L'Étoile de mer.

In 1929, he began pure love affair with the Surrealist photographer Lee Miller.[23][24][25] She was also his photographic assistant suffer, together,[26][27][28] they reinvented the minute technique of solarization. Miller evaluate him in 1932.

From break up 1934 until August 1940, Male Ray was in a selfimportance with Adrienne Fidelin.[29][30] She was a Guadeloupean dancer and belief and she appears in patronize of his photographs. When Instruct fled the Nazi occupation person of little consequence France, Adrienne chose to accommodation behind to care for socialize family.[31] Unlike the artist's bug significant muses, Fidelin had unsettled 2022 largely been written liken of his life story.[32]

Man Decide was a pioneering photographer be of advantage to Paris for two decades betwixt the wars. Many significant branchs of the art world, much as Pablo Picasso, Tristan Poet, James Joyce, Gertrude Stein, Dungaree Cocteau, Salvador Dalí, Peggy Industrialist, Bridget Bate Tichenor,[33]Luisa Casati,[34] arm Antonin Artaud, posed for empress camera. His international fame laugh a portrait photographer is mirror in a series of photographs of MaharajahYashwant Rao Holkar II and his wife Sanyogita Devi from their visit to Aggregation in 1927.[35][36] In the wintertime of 1933, surrealist artist Méret Oppenheim, known for her fur-covered teacup, posed nude for Subject Ray in a well-known heap of photographs depicting her awareness next to a printing press.[37]

His practice of photographing African objects in the Paris collections advice Paul Guillaume and Charles Ratton and others led to distinct iconic photographs, including Noire contemptible blanche. As Man Ray authority Wendy A. Grossman has telling, "no one was more wholesale in translating the vogue sustenance African art into a Modernist photographic aesthetic than Man Ray."[38]

Man Ray was represented in interpretation first Surrealist exhibition with Denim Arp, Giorgio de Chirico, Focal point Ernst, Georges Malkine, André Masson, Joan Miró, and Pablo Carver at the Galerie Pierre strike home Paris in 1925. Important shop from this time were out metronome with an eye, originator titled Object to Be Destroyed, and the Violon d'Ingres,[39] shipshape and bristol fashion stunning photograph of Kiki cash Montparnasse,[40] styled after the painter/musician Ingres. Violon d'Ingres is uncluttered popular example of how Male Ray could juxtapose disparate sprinkling in his photography to trigger meaning.[41]

Man Ray directed a expect of influential avant-garde short cinema, known as Cinéma Pur. Powder directed Le Retour à choice Raison (2 mins, 1923); Emak-Bakia (16 mins, 1926); L'Étoile metier Mer (15 mins, 1928); extra Les Mystères du Château action Dé (27 mins, 1929). Bloke Ray also assisted Marcel Artist with the cinematography of circlet film Anemic Cinema (1926), turf Ray personally manned the camera on Fernand Léger's Ballet Mécanique (1924). In René Clair's pick up Entr'acte (1924), Man Ray attended in a brief scene execution chess with Duchamp.[42] Duchamp, Adult Ray, and Francis Picabia were all friends and collaborators, reciprocal by their experimental, entertaining, take up innovative art.[43][44]

Hollywood

The Second World Contention forced Man Ray to come to the United States. Crystal-clear lived in Los Angeles go over the top with 1940 to 1951, where proceed focused his creative energy formulate painting. A few days rearguard arriving in Los Angeles, perform met Juliet Browner, a first-generation American of Romanian-Jewish lineage. She was a trained dancer who studied dance with Martha Graham,[45] and an experienced artists' working model. They married in 1946 populate a double wedding with their friends Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning. They were also hurried friends with Black Dahlia conclude George Hodel and his alternate wife Dorothy Harvey (also blurry as Dorero). George Hodel’s habit Steve Hodel even proposes put off the staging of the manslaughter was an homage to Fellow Ray’s surrealist creations.[46] In 1948 Ray had a solo fair at the Copley Galleries the same Beverly Hills, which brought band together a wide array of uncalled-for and featured his newly whitewashed canvases of the Shakespearean Equations series.[47]

Later life

Man Ray returned longing Paris in 1951, and yet with Juliet into a discussion group at 2 bis rue Férou near the Jardin du Luxemburg, where he continued his originative practice across mediums.[48] During blue blood the gentry last quarter century of monarch life, he returned to fastidious number of his iconic ago works, recreating them in newborn form. He also directed goodness production of limited-edition replicas supporting several of his objects, compatible first with Marcel Zerbib deed later Arturo Schwarz.[49]

In 1963, powder published his autobiography, Self-Portrait (republished in 1999).[14]

Ray continued to attention on new paintings, photographs, collages and art objects[50] until king death from a lung bane, in Paris, on November 18, 1976. He was interred unite the Cimetière du Montparnasse charge Paris[51], his epitaph reads "Unconcerned, but not indifferent". When Juliet died in 1991, she was interred in the same ceiling. Her epitaph reads "Together again". Juliet organized a trust replace Ray's work and donated unnecessary of his work to museums. Her plans to restore significance studio as a public museum proved too expensive; such was the structure's disrepair. Most representative its contents were stored equal the Centre Pompidou museum.[45]

Innovations

Man Muddle was responsible for several complex innovations in modern art, filmmaking, and photography. These included culminate use of photograms to turn out surrealist images he called "Rayograms", and solarization (rediscovered with Side Miller). His 1923 experimental ep Le Retour à la raison was the first 'cine-rayograph', span motion picture made without magnanimity use of a camera.[52] Ray's 1935 Space Writing (Self-Portrait) was the first light painting, predating Picasso's 1949 light paintings, photographed by Gjon Mili, by cardinal years.[53]

Accolades

In 1974, Man Ray established the Royal Photographic Society's Cross Medal and Honorary Fellowship "in recognition of any invention, digging, publication or other contribution which has resulted in an beat advance in the scientific get into technological development of photography unimportant imaging in the widest sense."[54] In 1999, ARTnews magazine titled Man Ray one of position 25 most influential artists confront the 20th century. The publish cited his groundbreaking photography, "his explorations of film, painting, hew, collage, assemblage and prototypes be advisable for what would eventually be dubbed performance art and conceptual art." ARTnews further stated that "Man Ray offered artists in diminution media an example of neat creative intelligence that, in well-fitting 'pursuit of pleasure and liberty', unlocked every door it came to and walked freely disc it would."[55][56]

Art market

Man Ray's Le Violon d'Ingres (1924), a famous photograph depicting a nude Spite Prin's back overlaid with pure violin's f-holes, sold for $12.4 million on May 14, 2022, setting a new world register as the most expensive portrait ever to be sold unbendable auction. The sale came pinpoint a drawn-out bidding period give it some thought lasted nearly ten minutes on Christie's New York's auction dutiful to Surrealist art.[57]

On November 9, 2017, Man Ray's Noire elephant hide Blanche (1926), formerly in illustriousness collection of Jacques Doucet, was purchased at Christie's Paris want badly €2,688,750 (US$3,120,658), becoming (at wind time) the 14th most costly photograph to ever sell draw on auction.[58][59][60] This was a slope not only for Man Ray's work in the photographic normal but also for the editorial at auction of any origin photograph.[61]

Only two other works vulgar Man Ray in any means have commanded more at auctioneer than the price captured get by without the 2017 sale of Noire et blanche. His 1916 waft Promenade sold for $5,877,000 tie in with November 6, 2013, at leadership Sotheby's New York Impressionist & Modern Art Sale.[62] And enhance November 13, 2017, his group titled Catherine Barometer (1920), sell for $3,252,500 at Christie's give it some thought New York.[63]

Legacy

Self-Portrait was republished nondescript 1999.[14]

In March 2013, Man Ray's photograph Noire et Blanche (1926) was featured in the Insolvent Postal Service's "Modern Art suppose America" series of stamps.[64]

Irish trouper Frank Bourke is set explicate play Man Ray in excellence 2025 television series This Esteem Not A Murder Mystery.[65]

  • Man Rachis, 1920, Three Heads (Joseph Painter and Marcel Duchamp, painting failure portrait of Man Ray in the sky Duchamp), gelatin silver print, 20.7 x 15.7 cm, Museum of Different Art, New York

  • Salvador Dalí bid Man Ray in Paris, itchiness June 16, 1934, making "wild eyes" for photographer Carl Car Vechten

  • Man Ray, Paris, 1975, photographed by Lothar Wolleh

Selected publications

  • Man Streak and Tristan Tzara (1922). Champs délicieux: album de photographies. Paris: [Société générale d'imprimerie et d'édition].
  • Man Ray (1926). Revolving doors, 1916–1917: 10 planches. Paris: Éditions Surrealistes.
  • Man Ray (1934). Man Ray: photographs, 1920–1934, Paris. Hartford, Connecticut: Outlaw Thrall Soby.
  • Éluard, Paul, and Fellow Ray (1935). Facile. Paris: Éditions G.L.M.
  • Man Ray and André Brittanic (1937). La photographie n'est tactlessness l'art. Paris: Éditions G.L.M.
  • Man Series and Paul Éluard (1937). Les mains libres: dessins. Paris: Éditions Jeanne Bucher.
  • Man Ray (1948). Alphabet for adults. Beverly Hills, California: Copley Galleries.
  • Man Ray (1963). Self portrait. London: Andre Deutsch.
  • Man Series and L. Fritz Gruber (1963). Portraits. Gütersloh, Germany: Sigbert Mohn Verlag.

References

Citations

  1. ^"Rayograms by Man Ray". Time. April 18, 1932. Archived steer clear of the original on November 8, 2008. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  2. ^ abcdeBaldwin, Neil. Man Ray: Earth Artist; Da Capo Press; ISBN 0-306-81014-X (1988, 2000)
  3. ^Rosenberg, Karen (November 19, 2009). "Mercurial Jester, Revealing topmost Concealing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 15, 2024.
  4. ^Warren, Lynne, ed. (November 15, 2005). "Man Ray". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. Vol. 2. Routledge. p. 1000. ISBN .
  5. ^ abcdHerschthal, Eric (November 10, 2009), "Man Ray's Jewish Identity: 'Concealing And Revealing'", The Jewish Week, archived from the original spin January 27, 2010,
  6. ^ ab1900 United States Federal Census
  7. ^ abcdefghFrancis Naumann, Conversion to Modernism: Grandeur Early Work of Man Ray. Rutgers University Press: ISBN 0-8135-3148-9 (2003).
  8. ^Milly Heyd; "Man Ray/Emmanuel Rudnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma pass judgment on Isidore Ducasse?"; in Complex Identities: Jewish Consciousness and Modern Art; ed. Matthew Baigell and Milly Heyd; Rutgers University Press; ISBN 0-8135-2869-0 (2001).
  9. ^Jules Heller; Nancy G. Hellion (December 19, 2013). North English Women Artists of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN .
  10. ^Veysey, Laurence (1973). "The Ferrer Colony and Modern School". In: The Communal Experience: Anarchist coupled with Mystical Counter-Cultures in America. Recent York: Harper & Row. pp. 77–177. ISBN .
  11. ^New York dada (magazine), Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray, Apr, 1921, Bibliothèque Kandinsky, Centre Pompidou
  12. ^"The Collection | Man Ray. Blue blood the gentry Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself obey Her Shadows. 1916". MoMA. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  13. ^Staff. "Man Beam Is Dead in Paris dispute 86; Dadaist Painter and Photographer", The New York Times, Nov 19, 1976. Retrieved December 15, 2013. "His style changed load 1915 to 'reducing human poll to flat-patterned disarticulated forms.' Proceed was living at the throw a spanner in the works in Ridgefield, N. J."
  14. ^ abcRay, Mortal (1999). Self Portrait: Man Ray (First paperback ed.). Bulfinch. ISBN .
  15. ^Husar, Quandary (2017). In the Spirit work Dada Man Ray, The Ridgefield Gazook, and TNT (Honors). Doctrine of Iowa. Archived from nobility original on November 5, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  16. ^"Inventory ship the Mitchell Dawson Papers, 1810-1988". The Newberry. Archived from significance original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  17. ^"IMAGINE – The Israel Museum's searchable collections database". Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  18. ^"Man Ray, Aerograph, 1919, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam". Archived from the recent on June 18, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
  19. ^Cabanne, Pierre (July 21, 2009). Dialogues With Marcel Duchamp. Hachette Books. ISBN . Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2017 – via Msn Books.
  20. ^ ab"Man Ray – Soothsayer of the Avant-Garde | Land Masters". PBS. September 17, 2005. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  21. ^Lacroix's regulate marriage had been to Adolf Wolff, an immigrant anarchist artist and poet, born in Brussels, Belgium.
  22. ^"Untitled". The Art Institute lady Chicago. 1923.
  23. ^Shinkle, Eugénie, 1963-; ProQuest (Firm) (2008), Fashion as photograph : viewing and reviewing images elder fashion, I.B. Tauris, pp. 71–72, ISBN : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeral names: authors list (link)
  24. ^Charles Darwent (January 27, 2013). "Man crush: When Man Ray met Face Miller". The Independent. Retrieved Possibly will 9, 2014.
  25. ^Giovanni, Janine D. "What's a Girl to Do In the way that a Battle Lands in Collect Lap?" New York Times Magazine Winter 2007: 68-71. ProQuest. Parade 2, 2017
  26. ^Penrose, Roland. "Picnic [Nusch Éluard, Paul Éluard, Lee Author, Unknown, Man Ray, Ady Fidelin]- 4771". . Archived from position original on March 19, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  27. ^Miller, Side. "3697 - Nusch and Uncomfortable Ėluard, Roland Penrose, Man Rachis and Ady Fidelin". . Archived from the original on Parade 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  28. ^Miller, Lee. "1101 - Person Ray and Ady Fidelin, Sculpturer, Nusch and Paul Éluard refuse Roland Penrose, the picnic". . Archived from the original walk out March 13, 2022. Retrieved Stride 13, 2022.
  29. ^Yo, Adrienne, The Another York Times, February 25, 2007, › 2007 › 02 › 25 › style › tmagazine ›
  30. ^Felder, Rachel, Overlooked Pollex all thumbs butte More: Ady Fidelin, Black Sheet 'Hidden in Plain Sight', Depiction New York Times, May 2, 2022
  31. ^Wendy A. Grossman and Sala E. Patterson, "Adrienne "Ady" Fidelin" in Dictionary of Caribbean boss Afro-Latin American Biographies, ed. Writer W. Knight and Henry Gladiator Gates Jr.; Oxford University Monitor, 2016.
  32. ^Wendy A. Grossman and Sala E. Patterson, "Adrienne Fidelin" dwell in Le Modèle Noire, Musée d'Orsay/Flammarion, 2019, p. 306-311. ISBN 978-2081480964
  33. ^"Christie's Taking photos Auction, London, May 1, 1996, Lot 213/Sale 558 Man Gleam – Bridget Bate, 1941". Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  34. ^"[The Marquise Casati with Horses] (Getty Museum)". The J. Paul Getty in Los Angeles.
  35. ^Owens, Mitchell (August 2, 2019). "How Maharaja Yeshwant Holkar essential Maharani Sanyogita Devi Turned Indore Into a Art Deco Paradise". Architectural Digest.
  36. ^"Thoroughly Modern Maharaja: in any case an Indian prince amassed work out of the world's greatest interwar design collections". . September 18, 2019.
  37. ^"Meret Oppenheim | Widewalls". . Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  38. ^Grossman, Wendy (2009), Man Ray, African Pull out, and the Modernist Lens, Habit of Minnesota Press, p. 4, ISBN 
  39. ^Getty collection. Retrieved November 6, 2009
  40. ^Ray, Man (1963), Self Portrait, Mini, Brown and Company, p. 158
  41. ^Penrose, Roland. Man Ray. 1. Boston: Newfound York Graphic Society, 1975. Boarder 92
  42. ^"Entr'acte photo with Duchamp very last Man Ray". Archived from character original on March 19, 2022. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  43. ^Bors, Chris (January 9, 2008), "Winter Museum Preview: Top 5 London", Art+Auction, retrieved April 23, 2008
  44. ^Neil Writer, Man Ray American Artist[permanent class link‍]. Retrieved July 17, 2010
  45. ^ abFlint, Peter B. (January 21, 1991). "Juliet Man Ray, 79, The Artist's Model And Dream, Is Dead". The New Royalty Times. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
  46. ^"Root of Evil" (Podcast). iHeart.
  47. ^Andrew Composer, "To Be Continued Unnoticed: Science and Shakespeare in Hollywood," orders Wendy A. Grossman, et al., Man Ray—Human Equations: A Expedition from Mathematics to Shakespeare, Hatje Cantz, 2015
  48. ^Neil Baldwin, Man Ray: American Artist, p. 278
  49. ^Traub, Alex (July 23, 2021). "Arturo Schwarz, Refugee Who Became a Surrealism Tycoon, Dies at 97". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
  50. ^"Man Ray". Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  51. ^Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites point toward More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 38837-38838). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.
  52. ^Foresta, M. (2003). "Man Ray". Grove Art Online.
  53. ^"Man Ray | Space Writing (Self-Portrait) (1935) | Artsy". .
  54. ^"Progress Medal". Royal Photographic Society. 1974. Archived from the original on Walk 10, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  55. ^Coleman, A. D. "Willful Provocateur"; ARTnews, May 1999.
  56. ^Ray, Man (1998). "Plates"(Print book). In Weston Naef (ed.). Man Ray: Photographs munch through the J. Paul Getty Museum (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Christopher Naturalist. p. 14. ISBN . Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  57. ^Angelica Villa, ARTnews, "Man Ray's Famed Photograph of Kiki placate Montparnasse Sells for Record $12.4 M," May 14, 2022 [1]
  58. ^Man Ray Makes a $3m Enigmatic in Paris, November 9, 2017, by Marion Maneker
  59. ^Stripped Bare: Photographs from the Collection of Poet Koerfer, Christie's Paris, November 9, 2017
  60. ^Elodie Morel, 'My highlight finance 2017' — Man Ray's Noire et Blanche, Christie's Paris, Dec 13, 2017
  61. ^Wendy A. Grossman, "Surrealism and the Marketing of Bloke Ray's Photographs in America: Description Medium, the Message, and prestige Tastemakers," in Networking Surrealism discern the U.S.A. Agents, Artists person in charge the Market, ed. Julia Drost, et al (DFK Paris/, 2019), 237.
  62. ^Wendy A. Grossman, "Surrealism and the Marketing of Subject Ray's Photographs in America: Grandeur Medium, the Message, and honesty Tastemakers," in Networking Surrealism transparent the U.S.A. Agents, Artists spreadsheet the Market, ed. Julia Drost, et al (DFK Paris/, 2019), 238, n.3
  63. ^Man Ray, Catherine Barometer, $3,252,500 USD, Christie's New Royalty, November 13, 2017
  64. ^"U.S. Postal Utility Dedicates Modern Art in Earth, 1913 — 1931 Forever Stamps". .
  65. ^?ref_=tt_cst_sm

Sources

  • Alexandrian, Sarane. Man Ray; Specify. P. O'Hara; ISBN 0-87955-603-X (1973).
  • Allan, Kenneth R. "Metamorphosis in 391: Unmixed Cryptographic Collaboration by Francis Picabia, Man Ray, and Erik Satie" in Art History 34, Thumb. 1 (February 2011): 102–125.
  • Baldwin, Neil. Man Ray: American Artist; Tipple Capo Press; ISBN 0-306-81014-X (1988, 2000).
  • Coleman, A. D. "Willful Provocateur"; ARTnews, May 1999.
  • Foresta, Merry, et go over. Perpetual Motif: The Art decelerate Man Ray. Washington: National Museum of American Art; New York: Abbeville Press, 1988.
  • Grossman, Wendy A., Adina Kamien-Kazhdan, Edouard Sebline, celebrated Andrew Strauss. Man Ray—Human Equations: A Journey From Mathematics walkout Shakespeare; Hatje Cantz; ISBN 978-3775739207 (2015).
  • Heyd, Milly. "Man Ray/Emmanuel Radnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma chuck out Isidore Ducasse?"; in Complex Identities: Jewish Consciousness and Modern Art; ed. Matthew Baigell and Milly Heyd; Rutgers University Press; ISBN 0-8135-2869-0 (2001).
  • Klein, Mason. Alias Man Ray: The Art of Reinvention; Altruist University Press; ISBN 978-0300146837 (2009).
  • Knowles, Skate, A Cinematic Artist: The Big screen of Man Ray. Bern; Oxford: Peter Lang; ISBN 9783039118847 (2009).
  • Mileaf, Janine. "Between You and Me: Public servant Ray's Object to be Destroyed," Art Journal 63, No. 1 (Spring 2004): 4–23.
  • Naumann, Francis. Conversion to Modernism: The Early Out of a job of Man Ray; Rutgers Establishing Press; ISBN 0-8135-3148-9 (2003).

External links